Mind's Forge : Basic IO Benchmarking on Linux

There are many articles about this, using hdparm, fio, etc... but really if you want to just see what kind of write speeds you can get just use pv and dd:

I just recently setup a zpool in mirror configuration and wanted to see if there were any performance hits (or improvements) compared to the generic single disk zpool I had before. I ended up running the tests below, I'll post the full output for fun. tank is the single disk, vat is the mirror setup. They are all USB HDD. The home directory is on a NVMe I believe (or SSD).

[nak@panzer vat]$ dd if=/dev/urandom | pv | dd of=/vat/trash.bin
^C13GiB 0:00:23 [94.3MiB/s] [                                                                                  <=>                                                                                                 ]
4527665+0 records in
4527665+0 records out
4527915+0 records in
4527914+0 records out
2318291968 bytes (2.3 GB, 2.2 GiB) copied, 23.2861 s, 99.6 MB/s
2318164480 bytes (2.3 GB, 2.2 GiB) copied, 23.2859 s, 99.6 MB/s

[nak@panzer vat]$ dd if=/dev/urandom | pv | dd of=/tank/trash.bin
^C5525585+0 records iniB/s] [                                                                                                    <=>                                                                               ]
5525585+0 records out

5525837+0 records in
5525836+0 records out
2829099520 bytes (2.8 GB, 2.6 GiB) copied, 28.685 s, 98.6 MB/s
2829228032 bytes (2.8 GB, 2.6 GiB) copied, 28.6854 s, 98.6 MB/s

[nak@panzer vat]$ dd if=/tank/trash.bin | pv | dd of=/vat/trash2.bin
5525585+0 records in0MiB/s] [                                                                                                    <=>                                                                               ]
5525585+0 records out
2829099520 bytes (2.8 GB, 2.6 GiB) copied, 28.5609 s, 99.1 MB/s
2.63GiB 0:00:28 [94.5MiB/s] [                                                                                                       <=>                                                                            ]
5525585+0 records in
5525585+0 records out
2829099520 bytes (2.8 GB, 2.6 GiB) copied, 28.5619 s, 99.1 MB/s
[nak@panzer vat]$ dd if=/dev/urandom | pv | dd of=/home/nak/trash.bin
^C20MiB 0:00:06 [ 177MiB/s] [                     <=>                                                                                                                                                              ]
2389779+0 records in
2389779+0 records out
2389781+0 records in
2389781+0 records out
1223566848 bytes (1.2 GB, 1.1 GiB) copied, 6.86414 s, 178 MB/s
1223567872 bytes (1.2 GB, 1.1 GiB) copied, 6.86579 s, 178 MB/s